War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)
The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) between Europe's great powers followed the childless Charles II of Spain's death in November 1700. The ensuing struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between the Bourbon and Habsburg dynasties saw the pro-Bourbon powers (France, Savoy, Bavaria, Portugal (until 1702), Savoy (until 1702), Cologne, Liège, and Kuruc (anti-Habsburg Hungarians)) support Louis XIV of France's grandson Philip of Anjou against the rival claims Archduke Charles of Austria, supported by the Grand Alliance (the Holy Roman Empire, Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, Prussia, Portugal and Savoy (after 1703).
Thirteen years of warfare across Europe, North and South America, the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Caribbean saw significant battles at Blenheim (13 August 1704), Ramillies (23 May 1706), Almansa (25 April 1707) and Denain (24 July 1712) before the Bourbon Philip V was recognised as King of Spain after renouncing his place in the French succession.
Under the terms of various peace treaties, Spain ceded the Duchy of Milan, the Kingdom of Naples and the Spanish Netherlands to Austria, Sardinia and Sicily to Savoy, and Gibraltar and Menorca to the British; France ceded Ypres, Tournai, Menen, Veurne, Fort Knokke, and Warneton to the Austrian Netherlands, but gained the Principality of Orange and the Ubaye Valley. The Dutch Republic gained barrier fortresses and part of Upper Guelders.
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